Distilling apparatus for liquids



L. sTEsNscHNEmER.

DISTILLING APPARATUS FOR UQUDS. APPLICATION F-ILED FEB. I8, 1.920.

Patene Dee. 59 w22 3 SHEETS-SHEET y lwwemfw@ Sie a L.'STEINSCHNEIDEH. msTlLLING APPARATUS FUR LlQuIns.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18| 1920.

I PaIened Dec. 5, ISZZ *nu i; r r no i relient-o o, illusie.

pplcaton filed February 1G, 1920. Serial No.

To all who/1i 'it muy calice/Mi.:

lle it known that lino SrnlNsci-inuiorii, engineer. citizen ot the Czechoslm'uliia lle public, residing at BrunnKonigsield, in the llzeclioslovekiu Republic, luis invented certain new und useful lnilnovenients in Distilling Apparatus for Liquids, ot which the iollovving` is uy speciiicution.

in distilling heavy hydrocarbons such as petroleum7 lignite-tur, roel ter and the like, for the production ot' heavy asphalt or solid residues, such es colic, there is usuall)v eniployed vessels or stills ci comparatively large dimensions. The stills are filled with liquid to u eertsin height and the contents are distilled according' to requirements down to esphailt or solid eolie. ln known distilling; apparatuses, greet diilicultles are niet with9 purticulerlyv in the case oi distilling oil' to .solid coke. The coke, in order to be coin- Inerciully useful.. nrust be glowed, and niustffcontziin no asphalt.

`lllhen using; such stills, the colte at the end ot' the distille-tion reniuins in e thicla; lrver in the boiler. and the thorough glowinw o't, the coli-e is rendered very difficult ou. ne" to the thickness olf the layer. boiler heroines reddiot before the top layer oiI the eolie has heroine treey 'troni asphalt. sind the boiler is consequently destroyed Very quickly. The boiler suri'uce een only pen tiully be used es heating surfaces, because onliVY those parte ot the surta e that are corered :it the end ot the distillation with esphult or colic.y may he subjectei'l to the action oi' the flue reuses. il further greetdrawback when using such distillingi boilers is to be found in the` 'fart that the colte can ouljyT be drawn Wllen the boiler has become coinpletely cool. is it must he entered for the cleaning` purposes, there is danger to the Workmen in consequence oi' the development of gases. l` he saine is also the cese when the boiler is beingv cleaned.

The deleterious effects ot the flue ,euses on the Wells oi guch distilling boilers is considerably increased if the distillut-ion is effected under presure or iu a vacuum. and the risk of destruction or' the still is considerably greater.

The employment of cylindrical 'vessels or retorts of comparatively sine-ll diameter thorou glilyA will eliminate these detects. :is the layer to be heated through or glcvved isreduced in consequence ot the smaller cross section or the retorts. The still. when employed tor distillation under pressure or in :L vacuinn, is also less subjectto breakdowns; lsind burnn ing of the walls oi'z the pipes can be avoided more eusilv in consequence of the thinner layers of liquid or colie when, however, retorts oi' ordinui'y' construct-ion are used tor the distillation. :mother serious drawback is niet with. li", for instance, :i liquid containing". say 20% ot' colte is to be distilled in e, retort. the liquid espliciti* of the retort. inust be about tive times as great as the volinne of the eolie. Hence., when the distillation is completed; since only the coke in theretort, has to be subjected to the action ot the flue gases for gloiving purposes. et least 'tour lit'ths oiE the retort. niust extend hej/:ond the furnace. ln practice this requires retorts which are unduly long and diilicult to hann dle.

These drzzivbacls the ohvisted if retorts ure litted :it the lowest port ot s'hoiler. in such s manner that. according to 'the nieteriul to be distilled, the liquid sinks from 'the larger upper part or boiler inti the retorts so that. it the end of the d.. tilletion. the )vliole retort, or et least the largest, part of it. remains under the action ot the flue gases.

ln ce1-tuin mises e ronstructionul iorin of the iniprored upporzitus is pretereblj,Y used in :which cach single retort is provided with a lieder-shaped enlargement or extension. Any number of such single retorts nur v then with advantage be combined inv e single furnace or oven.4 rl`he employment of e boiler ot the requisite size with only one retort is suilieient. especially in cases where the raw product to he distilled vields only sine-ll quantities ot residues or in ceses where onlyl suuill quantities are treated.

ln the accompanying; drznvingsz- Figure l is :rvertical sectional view. and Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional View of one form of sin improved apparatus comprising' several retorts and vertically urranged boiler.

Figures 3 und are similar views oit e' modification employing@ horizontal boiler. Figures 5, G und 7 are transverse.vertical sectional, longitudinal vertical sectional and horizontal sectional. vien/ls, respectively, of further modiications.

Figure 8 isa longitudinal sectional View of a inodiiication of the apparatus.

Figure 9 is a detail View showing means for admitting steam to the retorts.

Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional View of the form shown in Figure 8.

Figures l1 to 16 are end and side views ofother forms of the invention employing horizontal retorts. v

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. l and 2 II is ay cylindrical vertical vessel with a cover b and gas outlet pipe c. At thenbottoin d of the Vessel, retorts e, having preferably a conical shape, are ixed. These retorts communicate with the interior of the boiler and are closed at their bottom ends by removable covers The'apparatus, which is surrounded by brick Work 7, is played on by the fire gases that enter at la and escape at in such a''nanner that the contents remaining finally in the retorts e reach up to a point in, namely up to the brick Work of tb. fire place.

Before the commencement of the distillation the still is lilled to a height Z. The `npper part a is preferably '-not exposed during Y the whole period of distillation to Athe hottest furnace gases. It may, however, be played on by the gases escaping to the main flue, that may be caused to pass through tire tubes or smoke tupes in the upper boiler.

By this arrangement it is possible to obtain large heatingI surfaces, a large capacity for the still, and suitable dimensions of the upper part of the retort so that at the end .of the distillation the contents remaining in the apparatus lill only the retorts on which the fire gases play.

l/Vhen the distillation is finished, the covers f of the retorts e which are arranged exteriorly of the hot gas passageway f2" are opened, andthe contents discharged. The

cleaning of the retorts can be effected easily from the exterior when the cover Zi is rcmoved.

An example. of a constructional form of a distilliingA boiler with a horizontal upper part is shown in, Figs. 3 and 4. in which a is a horizontal boiler of the. requisite size; c is the gas escape pipe7 c2 and c1 are the retorts that are tted at the lowest point d of the boiler; and f are the removable closing covers or' the retorts.

The fire gases enter the re gas passage- `Way fm which is surrounded by the brick- Work g of the apparatus. at and pass to the chimney in the direction shown by the arrow at i.

When using several reiorts, they may be arranged into Pgroups of. any desired number of retorts. as is shown for instance. in the case of the retort; el; or they may be arranged in any required nuriiber in series, as in the constructional example shown for the retorts e2. i

The cleaning of the retorts after being emptied may be ei'iected from tbe outside by the provision of openings In or, if the boiler is suiiiciently large, the openings m may be entered for cleaning the boiler from wvitbin.

The distillingv of the liquid content-s is 'eifectcd (as described with reference 'to the constructional form shown in Figures l 2),-fro1n the liquid level Z' to the liquid level 20"' in such a manner that at the end odis- This is more particularly open to objection f when the eolie that has been formed sticks to the sides or' the apparatus.

This drawback is obviated in the construction shown by Way of example in Figures to 7. lnthc latter figures a2 is the boiler. for example a horizontal cylindrical one, which is filled to With liquid. At the bottoni d2 of the same, retorts e3 are fitted by means of lateral connecting branch pipes et. These retorts are closed at tire bottom by covers j and at the top by4 covers f3 so that the retorts may be easily cleaned.

The upper parts of the retorts projacting,v

from the briclrworlr or the apparatus are 1vrotected by lagging o against radiation.

his lagging is removed when the retorts are emptied and cleaned. lateral branches of the retort are protected by the brickworir a from the .fiction the liot lire The charge is calculated in such a manner that at the end oitI distillation the residue remaining iu the apparatus remains in the retorts up to il?.

The boiler and the.

At the end of' the distillation the covers ,f2

and f3 are opened and the contents (ecirc) oi'V the retorts are pushed from the exterior oi through the discharge opening'. l

ln this forni the gases enter the iire'gas passageway 7' through the 'travel in a direction indicated by the arrow 2.

lt will be noted that the covers f2 and fare arranged extcriorly oi the fire passageway fu.

ln order to reduce the cost oi' repairs to a minimum, the retorts are prcicrabij made in two parts. the upper part of the retort litter! with side connections and cleaning inlet .71.2 'and isa Leer/,see

.'vantage that. the pushing'. out of the coke is unido considerably easier.v

Figures 8, 9 and 1.0 illustrate a construe--y tional exznnple oi.l the improved apparatus comprising several retorts, each of which is provided with a boiler-like enlargement or extension. ln zhese gnres 'einnd e are the retorts, which preferably Widen conically towards the bottoni, and which at their narrower upper ends, merge into boilers e3. Erich boiler a. can either he .inode integral with the retort, as is shown in the cese or' retort e, or be connected with the retort hyvnieans of o relenssble connection for instance the flange E) as shown in the cese of retort e,

`lhe boiler a istilled with liquid up to Z3, andthe liquid is distilled in the retort down to yln the constructie-nel exemple shown, the 'Glue grises escape from a suitable furnace, from the grate p for instance, pass int-o o flue q common to ell. the retorts, und through openings 1 (preferably 'provided with chequer in'iclrn'ork) to `the retorts; The amount of the tiue gasespzissed over the several rotor-ts is controlled by regulating dempers s, so es to correspond to the progr-- rees of the distillation in each retort. K

The products oi combustion escape through s connnon; Hue to the chimiiey. 'il he boilers nre preferably protected ,hy the briclnvorlr ce or the masonry casing g3 ot` the boiler, troni the directuction of the hottest line 'The liquid is charged into the retorts pret'- Vereblv tlirougrh s pipe n, (which 'can be closed hy means of the `valve In) connnon to all 'the retorts.

r'ihe gases of distillation of all the retort-s Amy pass through pipes m into n. common pipe i/ for the products or' distillation, it bepossible by ineens ot en appropriate nrronp'ement ot valves Z for samples to be token nt my time. The pipes `can also convey the 'vupours ot' distillation of each retort 'to seperate cooling devices. Valves wf, end 3 lines otpiping. l

After Vthe completion oi the distillation the residue remaining in the reizorts is discharged vfrom the retorts after opening; the

covers f4.

ln apparatus hsving common iurnirce provided for shutting ofi the.

und comprising several retorts, any one of the retorts that muy be become damaged "an be shut ott by simply closing the vulves 1v and in ln order that with relatively long;A retorts the temperatureof the liquid to he distilled may be :is uniform as possible in the various layers of euch retort, during the process oi distillation steznn is blown into the liquid to be distilled.. preferably at, the bottoni oi' the retorts. for instance vshown in Figure 9, by ineens of pipes A litted preferably :it the lowestj point oi the same, 'from a common steam supply if through the stealn'vzllves B.

The retorts muy bev arranged vertically as iu Figs. l-l() of the drawings or in any other suitable direction in relation to the boiler as shown by example in the F ll-l, in which the retorts are nrranged horizontally.

ln Figs. llt-1Q. the retorts 6T having covers f are Hxed directly to the boiler a" und each retort is provided with n clefming` opening; m arranged in u branch pipe ot the boiler ai* which brunch pipe is closed by a renior- :ible cover f5.

lnfigures 13 und ll, the retorts eS having end covers f7., are connected to the 'boiler or by means of branch pipes Z3 to which the retorts are connected by means oi lateral, pipes.

ln Figs. l-l the lateral piped4 of euch retort e is arranged in the middle of the retort. The contents of the retorts muy be. pushed out ai: each end through the discharge openings closed by removable covers f5. l

Having non' particularly described and ascertained the nature ot my said invention and in what man er the sinne is to be perficormed, l dechire that what. l claim is zl. El distillinr und cokinpj apparatus tor heavy hydrocurbmis comprisingzi i'urnuce having z., lire his pzissageivuy therethrough, a receptacle to receive the hydrocarbons. retort tube couununicutingg` at its upper end with the lower port oic the receptacle and extending down through the lire gras passageway, said retort tube being;p closed to the fire and. also closed to the reception ot the hy droom-bons except. at, its upper end, and hsv ing n. loiver'eiul arranged exteriorly of the pussiigrewir, :ind n reniowible cover closing` the outer end ot said retort tube. Y

2. A distillingg and cokingr apparatus for heavy vhydrocnrbons. comprising` n furnace having niire ges passageway, o. receptacle to receive the hydrocarbons, u plurality of retort tubes*communicating at their upper ends with the lower part oli the receptacle and extending down tlnoulqh the fire gas 'passeer/Way, each oi Suid retort tubes beingT closed to the reception of hydrocarbons except et their upper end, each of seid retort tuheshsving un outer end extending exteriorly of the fire gus passageway, and e renoveble cover closing the open end of euch of seid tubes.

A disfilling. end colring apparatus for heavy hydrocarbons comprising u furnace having u lire ,ges passageway therethrough, u. pluruliy of retor tubes exteni'ling down 'ihrough the fire passageway, erich of said retort tubes being provided with on enlarged leed for the reception of the hydrocarbons, lubes being Closed o the fire ond also to he reception of lie hydrocarbons except hrough the enlarged heads, the outer ends oi. said retor tubes extending exteriorly of the passageway, and means at die exterior ends of seid retort tubes permitting he conof the tubes to he removed on the exterior of che .egos passageway.

e. A disillingend Golfing apparatus for heavy hydrocarbons comprising furnace, lie-ving e gas passageway therethrough, e. plurality of retort tubes extending hrough h're ges passageway, eeen of seid reif-ort tubes being provided with en enlarged head to receive the hydroeemrhohs, each of said retort tubes being-closed to there end.,:ilso closed to ehe reception of hydrocarbons eiicepl at heir upper end, the ou'eer end o each of said reiort tubes extending exterior-ly of the ges passageway, and e., eomnion. vapor escape pipe connected wiqth the hoede of the re- -ors K distilling apparatus for liquid hydrocarbons comprising at leas one reiort tube e belier, fire ges passageway, the reror tube exten-ding through said fire gas pessegewey end having :in outer end arranged eixeriorly of the passageway, and e removable oever closing the outer end of the retorl; tube, seid retort being' of conical shape epering oward ehe boiler.

'6. A distilling and cokiug upperasus for hydroi'eerbons comprising,` u furnace having fire passageway therethrough, e recep- Memee 'taule tilled, a retort sube connected at its upper portion with the lower portion of the recepecle, both ends of the retort tube extending exterior-ly of the was passageway' end said retort tube being closed to the lire and else lo bhe reception of hydrocarbons except at its upper` portion and being provided with removable covers for closing both ends of the reor tube.

7. A distilling apparatus for liquid hydroeerbons comprising the combination with a boiler and a. ire ges'passegewey, of et least one reiort tube extending through the fire ges passageway, the seid retort. .'nbe consist infnr of two detachebly conneced parte, the,

upper part being provided wih a` cleaning opening having u, removable cover sind a lob eral branch pipe connecting the upper part or' the said retort to the lowest portion of he boiler, the point of connection between he retort parte being arranged extez'iorlyv of the passageway.

8, A disilling and coking apparatus for hydrocarbons comprising :i furnace having s. lire ges' passageway extending thereihrough, u receptacle above the fire gas passageway to receive the hydrocarbons io be disfor receiving the hydrocarboh, e Peroni; tube connected et its upper portion to ehe recepmole end exending hrongh bhe fire ges peesagewey, seid retort tube being closed to the fire and also closed to the reception of hydro? cai-bons, except u its upper portion, iis lower end extending ex'eriory of the re passage Way end having a, removable cover thereon, end means for introducing steam into the lower part of the reor tube.

ln testimony whereof l have axed my signature in presence of @Wo Witnesses.

Vvinessee FRITZ Meermin?, FRANK Reimer. 

